![]() Activity in the mantle drives plate tectonics, contributing to volcanoes, seafloor spreading, earthquakes, and orogeny (mountain-building). The transfer of heat and material in the mantle helps determine the landscape of Earth. Mantle rocks there are soft and able to move plastically (over the course of millions of years) at great depth and pressure. It is mostly solid rock, but less viscous at tectonic plate boundaries and mantle plumes. The viscosity of the mantle also varies greatly. In most places, the geothermal gradient is about 25☌ per kilometer of depth (1☏per 70 feet of depth). The geothermal gradient is a measurement of this increase. In the mantle, heat and pressure generally increase with depth. The temperature of the mantle varies greatly, from 1000☌ (1832☏) near its boundary with the crust, to 3700☌ (6692☏) near its boundary with the core. Other mantle elements include iron, aluminum, calcium, sodium, and potassium. ![]() The other major type of rock found in the mantle is magnesium oxide. Common silicates found in the mantle include olivine, garnet, and pyroxene. The rocks that make up Earth’s mantle are mostly silicates-a wide variety of compounds that share a silicon and oxygen structure. Water trapped inside minerals erupted with lava, a process called “ outgassing.” As more water was outgassed, the mantle solidified. Over millions of years, the mantle cooled. The molten material that surrounded the core was the early mantle. The mantle is about 2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles) thick, and makes up a whopping 84 percent of Earth’s total volume.Īs Earth began to take shape about 4.5 billion years ago, iron and nickel quickly separated from other rocks and minerals to form the core of the new planet. The mantle lies between Earth’s dense, superheated core and its thin outer layer, the crust. Sodium has many isotopes, out of which only one isotope is most stable (i.e 23Na).The mantle is the mostly solid bulk of Earth’s interior. It is always found in a compound form with other elements. In nature, Sodium never exists as a pure metal because of its high reactivity.Out of all alkali metals, Sodium is most abundant. Around 2.6% of the Earth’s crust contains sodium metal.Sodium element is also essential to maintain the fluid balance in the cells of our body.Sodium burns with a golden yellow flame when it is heated.Sodium metal is lighter than water, hence it floats on water.Sodium metal is silver white in color when it is freshly cut, but it suddenly forms an oxide layer if kept open in air.Sodium is a soft metal and it can be cut even by using a kitchen knife.Here are the interesting facts about Sodium element. That means sodium metal is less dense than water.īecause of this reason, the sodium metal floats on water. ![]() Sodium has a density of 0.97 g/cm 3, while water has a density of 1 g/cm 3. Now let’s see about sodium metal and it’s density. And if the density of object is less than the water, then it will float on water. If the object has a density higher than the water, then it will sink. You might have studied the concept of density in physics.īy knowing the density of two objects, we can come to know which object will float and which will sink in water. ![]() Silvery white State (at STP) Solid Position in periodic tableĪlkali metals Atomic number or Protons 11 Neutrons 12 Electrons 11 Symbol Na Atomic massĢ, 8, 1 Electronic configuration 3s 1 Atomic radiusĢ27 picometers (van der Waals radius) Valence electronsġ 1st Ionization energy 5.139 eV ElectronegativityīCC (Body Centered Cubic) Melting point 370.9 K or 97.7 ☌ or 208 ☏ Boiling point 1156 K or 882.9 ☌ or 1621.2 ☏ Density 0.97 g/cm 3 Main isotope 23Na Who discovered Sodium and when? Sodium Element (Na) Information Appearance So if you want to know anything about Sodium element, then this guide is for you. In fact, the table mentioned below is the perfect information box (Which gives you every single detail about the Sodium element in Periodic table.) This is a SUPER easy guide on sodium element. ![]()
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